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Home Computing Chair Advice

Ultimate Ergonomic Seating Definition From BIFMA, OSHA Etc.

When you buy something using an affiliate link in this post, ChairsFX may receive a small commission, at no additional expense to you. This has no influence on our editorial content. See our Affiliate Disclosure for details.
July 20, 2020 - Updated on January 9, 2024
Reading Time: 15 mins read

The origins of science-backed ergonomics dates back to NASA research from 1973. In 1994, the Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics summarized NASA’s findings for office furniture developers. Since then, most institutional ergonomic guidelines have reached the same physiological conclusions. This data gives us a clear, sensible ergonomic seating definition for 2024 desk workers.

Ergonomic seating science summarized in four pictures
Four pictures combined summarize the complete 51 years (1973-2024) of science-based ergonomic history.

The broadest definition of ‘ergonomic’ is ‘adjustable’. In seating terms, three adjustable features qualify a chair as ‘ergonomic’. These are: adjustable lumbar + arms + reclining backrest.

Core ergonomic components on a chair
Gaming AND ergo office chairs both use the same trio of components to support good sitting postures.

Combined, these features are meant to support neutral sitting postures. These postures look similar in any type of chair with the requisite trio of adjustable components:

Gaming vs office chair neutral postures
Neutral postures in a Steelcase Series 1 and Titan Evo gaming chair.

With planted feet, a supported lumbar spine, supported arms, and a customizable recline (100° is ideal), the type of ergonomic chair being used doesn’t matter.

Sharp neutral sitting postures in Phantom 3, Secretlab Titan, and Herman Miller Aeron chairs
Strict 0° neck neutral postures: Phantom 3, Secretlab Titan, Herman Miller Aeron.

Tuck your hips, plant your feet, and support your lower back with a backrest set to 100°. That’s the applicable gist of healthy sitting science boiled down.

51 Year Ergonomic Science Summary

The science of healthy sitting emerged from outer space in 1973. By the mid-1990s, this science was well documented for office furniture developers. Here’s a summary of the historical highlights:

Origins: Neutral Sitting Postures

The healthiest way to sit for long periods is using neutral sitting postures. These align the spine into a healthy standing position. That includes a 0° neck tilt and 25-45° lower back curve.

Neutral body postures in zero gravity
Neutral body postures from measurements of 12 people in zero gravity aboard Skylab.

This technology landed from outer space in 1973. Then, NASA scientists observed astronauts aboard the Skylab Space Station. They noticed that when relaxed, astronauts always fell into neutral body postures (NBP).

Timeline of the world's best office chairs: release dates
Ergo timeline L-R: Aeron (1994); Leap (1999); Embody (2008); Gesture (2013).

In 1994, the Herman Miller Aeron debuted as the world’s first mainstream ergonomic chair for the computing era. By the late 1990s, a famous review of ergonomic literature(1) boiled healthy sitting mechanics down to three parts.

Neutral sitting posture examples based on NASA discoveries
All ergonomic chairs support good posture using NASA’s 1973 neutral posture biomechanics.
  1. The healthiest way to sit for long periods is with a neutral posture. This aligns the spine into a healthy standing posture (25-45° lower back curve and 0° neck tilt).
  2. To support neutral postures, an ‘ergonomic’ chair needs an adjustable lumbar, adjustable arms, and a reclining backrest.
  3. Fixed neutral postures strain muscles and clog circulation. As a result, users should strive for dynamic neutral postures with frequent movement.

Once you grasp neutral basics, they’re easy to apply yourself:

Related: Gaming Chair Neutral Quickstart | Neutral Office Chair Quickstart

Ergonomic Seating Definition

A chair qualifies as ‘ergonomic’ by having three key adjustable components. Adjustable lumbar support aligns the spine. Adjustable arms provide extra bracing to hold the spine upright. A reclining backrest lets a seated body move.

Core ergonomic back support components
The 24 Series meets modern ergonomic standards without any gimmicks or frills.

Combined, these features support the spine into a healthy standing alignment. That includes a 25-45° lower back curve and a 0° neck tilt. Then, users can sit for long periods without muscle strain.

Aeron gaming chair ergonomic support
A 0° cervical tilt + 25-45° lumbar curve produces a picture-perfect neutral sitting posture.

Without muscle strain, the brain gains more power. As a result, esports and desk working professionals enjoy long periods of comfortable, energized computing with razor-sharp focus.

Institutional Ergonomic Guidelines

This section summarizes ergonomic definitions from institutional ergonomic leaders. All share the same recommendations:

  1. Neutral postures are the healthiest while working at a desk.
  2. To support dynamic neutral postures, an ergonomic chair needs an adjustable lumbar, adjustable arms, and a reclining backrest.

OSHA Computing Chair Guidelines

The Occupational Safety & Health Administration documents safety standards for American workers.

Core Modway chair features
Core ergonomic features: adjustable lumbar; adjustable arms; reclining backrest.

Its ergonomic seating guidelines(2) rehash the need for three essential adjustable features:

  • Backrest: should recline at least 15 degrees from a vertical position.
  • Lumbar support: should be height-adjustable to fit the lower back.
  • Armrests: should be adjustable so that the arms fall freely from the shoulders.

OSHA guidelines also advise: “adjust your chair along with appropriately placing your monitor, keyboard, and desk.”

How to sit at a desk for optimal health
Beyond supporting good posture, an ergonomic chair should also sync with a workstation.

BIFMA ergonomic guidelines

The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA) was founded in 1973. It serves North American furniture manufacturers by providing furniture safety standards. Manufacturers can then test their products to determine if they meet BIFMA standards.

BIFMA chair testing procedure
An ergonomic chair undergoing BIFMA usability tests.

In 2002, the BIFMA organization first released ergonomic guidelines for office furniture. Its latest 2019 seating guidelines(3) contain these seating points:

  1. Height of seat: should allow the user’s feet to plant onto the floor or a footrest.
  2. Depth of seat: should be deep enough so that the back of the knees do not touch the front of the seat.
  3. Seat width: should be wide enough to accommodate the user’s hips.
  4. Backrest: should conform to the shape of the user’s spine. It should also have lumbar support that maintains the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine.
  5. Armrests: should be adjustable up and down, plus in and out. This helps to relieve neck, shoulder, and back stress.

BIFMA also recommends that an ergonomic chair provide a healthy range of motion. The seat and backrest should allow varied postures.

Specifically, the backrest should recline from 90° to at least 115°. The only guideline for seat tilt is to ensure the torso-to-thigh angle is not less than 90°.

Staples Hyken recline modes
Synchronous tilt functionality is a luxury extra; it doesn’t influence the quality of a chair’s back support.

This is important to keep in mind when peddlers try to upsell people on synchro tilt. That feature tilts the seat in proportion to the backrest as the user reclines. Based on BIFMA Guidelines, it’s a luxury, not a necessity!

Human Factors and Ergonomics Handbook

The Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics documents the latest standards in workplace design. Its first edition came out in 2004.

Human Factors Handbook 1st edition
The 2004 Handbook clarified the requirements to qualify a chair as ‘ergonomic’.

The fifth edition came out with a major update in 2021. Even so, it retains most back support fundamentals of the legacy edition:

Legacy Seating Essentials

All editions of the Handbook share the same ideas about ergonomic seating:

The purpose of good seating is to provide stable body support and a dynamic posture. It should be comfortable over long periods and physiologically sound. It should also be appropriate to the task being performed.

The user’s workstation should support good posture with a few basics. First, they should be able to see the screen without moving their head. As well, the keyboard, mouse, or document they are working on should be within easy reach.

Human factors and ergonomics book cover
The 2012 Handbook reinforced institutional back support standards for ergonomic desk chairs.

Each Handbook cites five key features that all ergonomic chairs should have:

  1. Chair adjustment controls should be easy to operate from a seated position.
  2. The chair and adjustment mechanisms should be rugged.
  3. Chairs should have adjustable armrests.
  4. The seat should be padded to ensure comfort.
  5. The chair should allow alterations in posture and freedom of movement.

Ergonomic Functionality Requirements

Lumbar Support

Adjustable lumbar support helps to maintain the natural curvature of the lower spine. The lumbar support should be between 6″ to 10″ above the compressed seat height, with a depth of around 1.5 inches (4 cm).

Proper lumbar support positioning
The textbook lumbar support target height is just above the beltline; the target depth is 4 cm (1.5 inches).

Learn more: Lumbar Support Biomechanics For Ergonomic Beginners

Seat Height & Depth

The seat’s height should be adjusted so the user can rest their feet flat on the floor. It should also place the hips slightly higher than the knees. That helps to reduce pressure on the thighs and buttocks.

How to measure a good office chair seat height using joint angles
Set your seat to position your hips higher than your knees, with a 90° (or greater) knee and elbow bend.

The seat’s depth should allow at least two fingers of space between the back of the knees and the seat’s lip.

Good gaming chair seat depth vs one that's too deep for shorter legs
L-R: a good seat depth (nice gap behind the knees) vs a seat that’s too deep.

A seat that’s too deep will pull the user’s knees forward, flatten their lower back curve, and round their upper spine.

Learn more: Gaming Chair Seat Sizing Guide

Backrest Angles

Reclined angles of 110° or greater reduce fatigue. Sitting with an upright 100° is good for your spine, but strenuous on the back muscles.

Phantom 3 gaming chair recline angles
Three common gaming chair recline angles: active upright (100°); semi-active (110°); passive reclined (120°).
Armrests

Armrests at the right height support the neck and shoulders. Adjustable armrests should be height adjustable with a range of at least 4″.

Gaming chair armrest configuration
Non-adjustable gaming chair armrests vs 4D armrests.

Updated Ergonomic Standards

The biggest difference from the (2012) fourth edition is a shift in priorities. The previous edition focused on back support that mitigates musculoskeletal problems.

Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics 5th edition
The latest fifth edition frames multi-device computing as the greatest ergonomic priority of our time.

The fifth edition cites multi-device computing as a greater priority. As people immerse in near-virtual worlds, physical and mental technostress issues have arisen.

In sum, beyond good back support, a modern ergonomic workstation must also do two things. First, provide multi-device support for the back and neck while desktop or mobile computing.

Magnus Pro desk providing multi-device computing support
Healthy neutral postures while sitting, mobile computing, and standing.

Second, provide more opportunities to move. At present, an ergonomic chair plus a sit-to-stand desk best supports these new standards:

2022 Multi-Device Ergonomics: Why You Need A Sit-Stand Desk

Cornell Ergonomic Guidelines

Alan Hedge is a Professor in the Department of Design and Environmental Analysis at Cornell University. His 2013 paper on ergonomic seating(4) compiled the findings of several leading studies.

Alan Hedge, Cornell, showing neutral sitting postures
Alan Hedge demonstrating dynamic neutral postures.

The biomechanical gist:

  1. Proper sitting requires a pelvic rotation that creates lumbar lordosis.
  2. Lumbar, thoracic, and cervical muscle activity decreases with a backrest incline to 110°.
  3. Lumbar disc pressure and back muscle activity are lowest with a supported recline angle of 110° – 130°.
  4. A high proportion of chair users make height adjustments to their lumbar support.
  5. After 1 hour, there is spinal shrinkage with static sitting. In contrast, the spine expands with dynamic sitting where the seat pan swivels.

Movement Is Essential

In 2015, Hedge updated his guidelines to include at least two hours of neutral standing (within a 7.5 hour workday). This amount of standing would boost movement without excessively straining the body.

 Alan Hedge's Sit-Stand-Stretch routine for desk workers.
Alan Hedge’s Sit-Stand-Stretch regimen for modern desk workers.

Hedge’s recommendations were published in Cornell’s Sit-Stand guidelines(5). Key points:

  • Movement is healthy: a large body of research has shown that frequent microbreaks improves levels of comfort, work performance, and reduces the risks of musculoskeletal injuries.
  • Standing is strenuous: standing uses ~20% more energy than sitting. It also puts greater strain on the circulatory system and on the legs and feet.
  • Excessive standing equipment: provide employees with anti-fatigue footwear. Also give them chairs to allow them to sit down during rest breaks.

Hedge’s advice:

Sit to do computer work. Then, every 20 minutes stand for 8 minutes and move for 2 minutes. Simply standing is insufficient. Movement is important to get blood circulation through the muscles. Walking around is sufficient. ​Alan Hedge

Condensed Ergonomic Guidelines

OSHA, BIFMA, Dr. Hedge, and the 5th-edition Human Factors Handbook all agree that ‘ergonomic’ means adjustable. To support dynamic neutral postures, a chair needs adjustable lumbar support, adjustable arms, and a reclining backrest. Here’s how those features apply to a full-back gaming chair:

Below is a closer look at what leading scholars advise for each adjustable part:

Lumbar Support

This is the most important component in any ergonomic chair. Mild pressure applied to the lower back reflexively triggers the upper back to straighten.

A picture of three popular types of lumbar support systems for gaming chairs
L-R: external lumbar pillow; 4-way integrated lumbar; classic gaming chair lumbar pillow.

This comprehensive 2009 peer review(6) summarizes the key technical factors:

  1. When standing, the optimal lordotic angle is between 20-45 degrees.
  2. Unsupported sitting reduces lumbar lordosis by 50%. It also increases intradiscal pressure at the third lumbar vertebra by 40%.
  3. When sitting with a back angle of 110° and a lumbar support 4 cm deep, lumbar lordosis averages a healthy 47° angle.
  4. The depth of the lumbar support depends on the individual. If lumbar support causes discomfort, it means it is set too high, too low, or too deep.
  5. A sustained lordotic sitting position decreases disc pressure and thereby disc degeneration.

For best results, it’s important to combine these factors with physiological realities. The average adult spine is around 30″ long for men and 24″ long for women.

Gaming chair lumbar support
Lumbar support applied to the right spot preserves a healthy lower back curve while sitting.

The average man should position his lumbar support around 7.5″ above the seat. An average-sized woman should aim for support set to around 5.5″ higher than the seat.

Lumbar Support Biomechanics For Healthy Sitting

Related: Best Lumbar Support Types – Good Ergonomics Vs Gimmicks

Reclining backrest

The point of an ergonomic chair is to reduce pressure on your back. With a backrest recline of 110°, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical muscle activity decreases.

Champion Series recline angles
The E-Win Champion Series supports good posture across the 100-120° recline sweet spot.

With a supported recline between 110° and 130°, back muscle activity is the lowest.

Adjustable armrests

A human arm weighs around 6% of one’s total body weight. A 170-pound person’s arms weigh around 10 pounds each. Without armrest support, your spine bears the load of holding your arms up against gravity.

Lack of armrests cause posture problems
Without arm support, the spine must carry around 20 pounds of extra weight. When it tires, slouching starts.

While computing, that places unnecessary strain on the spine, shoulders, and neck. As muscles tire, the weight of the arms forces the head to tilt forward.

Harmful spinal effects of slouching
A 15-degree forward head tilt places a 27-pound strain on the spine, neck, and shoulder muscles.

In a neutral position with a 0° neck tilt, an adult head places around a 10-pound load on the spine(7). As the head tilts forward by 15 degrees, the spinal load increases to 27 pounds.

Sitting up straight in a gaming chair
Adjustable armrests support the forearms while providing extra bracing to hold the spine upright.

At a 30-degree forward tilt, the load increases to 40 pounds. That’s where adjustable armrests come in. With planted feet and arms synced with a desk, sitting up straight becomes much easier.

Ergonomic Goal: Musculoskeletal Relief

Humans are not designed to sit for long periods. We know this because the lumbar spine falls out of alignment when in a sitting position. When standing, a healthy lumbar spine curves inward at a 20-45° angle. Sitting without lumbar support cuts that angle in half(8).

Why sitting is bad for you
Unsupported sitting flattens the lumbar curve by 50%. Once back muscles tire, it flattens almost completely.

Then, back muscles must work harder to hold the spine upright. Once muscles tire, the upper back bends. That flattens the lumbar curve to less than 10°. Long periods in that position shortens hips flexors, pulling the whole body out of alignment.

The lower back tightens, while core stomach muscles get longer and weaker. At the same time, quad muscles tighten the front of the leg, while hamstrings elongate and weaken from the rear.

Body distortion caused by sloppy sitting habits
Over 80% of American adults suffer from anterior pelvic tilt.

Misaligned bodies caused by poor sitting habits are endemic. In America, some studies estimate that 80% of adults suffer from anterior pelvic tilt(9). In that state, misaligned muscle pairs work against each other. That twists the pelvis from a neutral position to a tilted one.

Common Musculoskeletal Disorders

Common desk worker musculoskeletal disorders
Failure to use modern ergonomic techniques can cause serious long-term health problems.

A tilted posture places excess stress on tall body parts. As that builds up, myriad musculoskeletal disorders emerge. These include:

  • Low back disorders: the leading cause of disability in 160 countries.
  • Chronic fatigue: misalignments overwork muscles, leaving users perpetually exhausted.
  • Migraines: forward head posture strains neck muscles until pain arises.
  • Wrist pain: 4 million Americans suffer from carpal tunnel syndrome.
  • Neck pain: the fourth-leading cause of disability in America.

Long-term, MSDs can lead to serious chronic health problems.

Human de-evolution
The technology-driven descent of the athletic human form.

Examples:

  • Obesity: waist circumference increases by 3.1 cm with a 10% increase in sedentary time. As they gain weight, patients feel less compelled to move.
  • Diabetes: excess sedentary time increases type 2 diabetes risks. Regular exercise only slightly offsets this risk. Symptoms include tingling extremities, dry skin, and excessive urination.
  • Cancer: prolonged sitting increases colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks. It also increases cancer mortality (mainly in women).
  • Hypertension: sedentary behaviors reduce blood pressure. That alters cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance.
  • Osteoporosis: slothful living lowers bone mineral density in the femur and hip sub-regions. That makes bones brittle and easy to break.

Learn more: Common Desk Worker Musculoskeletal Disorders In 2022

4 Pillars of Esports Performance (NEW)

Professional esports is one of the most intense, demanding desk jobs. Many first-person shooters demand up to 400 actions per minute. To succeed, players need elite speed, precision, hand-eye-coordination — and endurance.

Five of the best pro esports gaming chairs
Most pro esports players use ergonomic chairs as a (small) part of their performance optimization routines.

Reducing musculoskeletal stress helps esports players perform better. This is why most pro esports teams have their players compete using ergonomic chairs. However, seating plays a very small role in the esports performance optimization equation.

For instance, Dr. Jordan Tsai once managed the Physical Therapy program for Evil Geniuses. He advised ChairsFX that a good chair is the least important part of a healthy setup!

Evil Geniuses esports player doing neck exercises with Dr. Jordan Tsai
Physical therapist Dr. Jordan Tsai teaching motion exercises at Evil Geniuses headquarters. (Pic: @EvilGeniuses)

His view is consistent with the 5th edition Human Factors Handbook: movement and fitness take precedence. Good back support remains relevant as a secondary priority. “Rest/nutrition/exercises > breaks > good posture > good chair.”

Four facets of healthy deskwork
4 pillars of healthy desk work: physical wellness; nutrition; rest; mental well-being.

This formula has since been broken down into what’s broadly called the ‘4 performance pillars’. Without a healthy 4 pillars foundation, the impact of a good ergonomic chair might be minimal.

Here are the priorities for healthy deskwork (in order of Dr. Tsai’s listed importance):

  1. Performance pillars: regular exercise, good nutrition, mental balance, sound sleep.
  2. Good posture: try to sit straight in whichever type of chair you use.
  3. Frequent breaks: walking breaks reset the brain, boosts blood flow, and activates sedentary muscles.
  4. Good ergonomic chair: choose whichever type aligns with your preferences.

The 4 Pillars Of Esports Performance Optimization

Gaming Vs Ergonomic Office Chairs

Gaming chairs emerged in 2006 as niche items. Against a multi-billion-dollar ergonomic office furniture industry, they thrived. Many office chair industry players have tried to stem that tide.

Neutral postures in Embody and Titan chairs
Perfect neutral postures: in a $1700 Embody and $560 Titan chair.

“Gaming chairs are not ergonomic” is a common defense. But according to OSHA, BIFMA, and the Human Factors Handbook, this is misinformation.

In fact, any chair with adjustable arms, an adjustable lumbar, and a reclining backrest qualifies as ergonomic. These features on any type of chair are meant to support healthy neutral sitting postures.

Key ergonomic chair features
All chairs that qualify as ‘ergonomic’ come standard with three adjustable features.

Both full-back gaming and mid-back ergo office chairs use the same support techniques. Adjustable lumbar support, armrests, and a reclining backrest give users the tools they need to sit straight – with movement.

Neutral sitting Titan vs Aeron
Neutral postures in a Titan gaming chair and Aeron ergonomic chair.

The biggest difference between the two styles is the backrest. Ergonomic office chairs come with mid-back support; gaming chairs are full-back. Mid-back chairs provide more accurate sitting support; full-back styles provide better WFH versatility.

Side view of a man sitting in Herman Miller Aeron and Secretlab Titan Evo chairs
The Aeron (office chair) and Titan (gaming chair) both make it easy to sit with healthy neutral postures.

In fact, my Aeron office chair vs Titan Evo gaming chair comparison found that both chairs support near-perfect neutral postures. The biggest differences between the two were luxuries extras — these affect the psyche more than the spine!

Aeron Office Chair Vs Titan Evo Gaming Chair

Conclusion: Ergonomic = Adjustable

‘Ergonomic’ simply means ‘adjustable’. We can see the effect of adjustable lumbar + adjustable arms + a reclining backrest in various seating styles:

Neutral posture side sitting view in 4 premium ergonomic chairs
Healthy neutral postures L-R: Steelcase Gesture; Herman Miller Aeron; Secretlab Titan; DXRacer Craft.

The above picture tells the story. Any chair qualifies as ‘ergonomic’ by having three adjustable features:

  1. Adjustable lumbar support: maintains a healthy lower back curve.
  2. Adjustable armrests: these support elbows and forearms while positioning hands close to the mouse and keyboard.
  3. Reclining backrest: a recline range of 90° to 130° (with lumbar support) reduces spinal pressure.

From a back support perspective, gaming chairs and office chairs with the necessary components do the same thing. So how to decide on one type or the other?

Active neutral postures in a Herman Miller Aeron and Secretlab Titan gaming chair
My active neutral postures in a Herman Miller Aeron and Secretlab Titan chair.
Surprisingly, the best answer we’ve come up with has nothing to do with good back support. Many studies have shown that when a chair looks more comfortable, users will find it more physically comfortable.

2023 seated comfort rating factors
A healthy, disciplined life + flexible ergonomic seating yields happy, healthy sitting experiences.

In other words, subjective psychological preferences are a major comfort factor. So are user-powered habits. With proper usage, whichever type of fully-ergonomic chair appeals to you has potential to be ‘the best’. Learn more:

Seated Comfort Factors: Physical Vs Psychological Vs Usage

Footnotes

  1. D D Harrison, et al. ‘Sitting biomechanics part I: review of the literature’, J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1999 Nov-Dec;22(9):594-609. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10626703/, (accessed 8 March 2022).
  2. OSHA. ‘Computer Workstation Components: Chairs’. https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/components/chairs, (accessed 8 March 2022).
  3. ‘BIFMA Standards Descriptions’, September 2019. https://www.bifma.org/page/StandardsShortDesc, (accessed 8 March 2022).
  4. Professor Alan Hedge. ‘Ergonomic Seating?’ Cornell University, August 2013. http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/studentdownloads/DEA3250pdfs/ErgoChair.pdf, (accessed 8 March 2022).
  5. CU Ergo. ‘Sitting and Standing at Work’. Cornell University Ergonomics Web. http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/CUESitStand.html, (accessed 8 March 2022).
  6. Jennifer Pynt, Martin G Mackey, ‘Seeking the Optimal Posture of the Seated Lumbar Spine’. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 17:5, 2001, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224029048_Seeking_the_Optimal_Posture_of_the_Seated_Lumbar_Spine, (accessed 9 Jan. 2022).
  7. Laura Sullivan. ‘Keep Your Head Up: ‘Text Neck’ Takes A Toll On The Spine’. The Two-Way, November 20, 2014. https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/11/20/365473750/keep-your-head-up-text-neck-can-take-a-toll-on-the-spine, (accessed 8 March 2022).
  8. Kaja Kastelic, et al. ‘Sitting and low back disorders: an overview of the most commonly suggested harmful mechanisms’. Collegium Antropologicum 42(1):73-79, March 2018. Read the abstract (accessed 20 Feb. 2022).
  9. Lee Herrington. ‘Assessment of the degree of pelvic tilt within a normal asymptomatic population’. Manual Therapy Volume 16, Issue 6, December 2011, Pages 646-648. doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2011.04.006 (accessed 20 Feb. 2022).

Anil Ramsey

Anil Ramsey

I'm the ChairsFX founder and Chief Editor. I'm a member of the OSHA Education Center Association (OECA), with an OSHA Ergonomics Certification. Beyond these credentials, I've been hands-on testing the world's finest ergonomic desk chairs since 2018. Learn more about me and this website on the About Us page.


 

Table of Contents

  1. 51 Year Ergonomic Science Summary
    1. Origins: Neutral Sitting Postures
    2. Ergonomic Seating Definition
  2. Institutional Ergonomic Guidelines
    1. OSHA Computing Chair Guidelines
    2. BIFMA ergonomic guidelines
    3. Human Factors and Ergonomics Handbook
    4. Cornell Ergonomic Guidelines
  3. Condensed Ergonomic Guidelines
    1. Lumbar Support
    2. Reclining backrest
    3. Adjustable armrests
  4. Ergonomic Goal: Musculoskeletal Relief
    1. Common Musculoskeletal Disorders
    2. 4 Pillars of Esports Performance (NEW)
  5. Gaming Vs Ergonomic Office Chairs
  6. Conclusion: Ergonomic = Adjustable

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